Shenghang Zhu
Assuming a beginner's mindset (新手思维,照顾新手)
Ask what/how/why (批判思维,情绪挖掘)
Photo and Video User-based studies (图像和资料信息的观察)
Personal Photo and Video Journals (个人影像和视频录制的日程,观察)
Interviews (面谈)
Engaging with Extreme Users(极端用户)
Analogous Empathy(情绪模拟)
Sharing Inspiring Stories (多元化,分享各自收集到的信息和故事)
Bodystorming (身体力行,自我代入)
Define (Define the Problem and Interpret the Results)定义问题并解释结果,即为综合结果定义问题,陈述问题。An integral part of the Design Thinking process is the definition of a meaningful and actionable problem statement, which the design thinker will focus on solving. This is perhaps the most challenging part of the Design Thinking process, as the definition of a problem (also called a design challenge) will require you to synthesise your observations about your users from the first stage in the Design Thinking process, which is called the Empathise stage.
综合Empathise 中获得的信息。
设计和定义专注于某一个问题。
Analysis and Synthesis (分析与综合)
- Analysis 分析
- Synthesis 综合
In fact, analysis and synthesis often happen consecutively throughout all stages of the Design Thinking process.
What Makes a Good Problem Statement? (问题陈述)
定义问题:用共情得到的结论,然后在Define阶段中结合自己想要解决的问题来总结和陈述需要解决的问题。
一个好的问题陈述需要做到:
- Human-centered. 以人为本
- 这要求您根据特定用户、他们的需求以及您的团队在同情阶段获得的见解来制定您的问题陈述。问题陈述应该与团队试图帮助的人有关,而不是关注技术、货币回报或产品规格。
- Broad enough for creatice freedom. 广泛的创意和自由
- 这意味着问题陈述不应过于狭隘地侧重于有关解决方案实施的具体方法。问题陈述也不应列出技术要求,因为这将不必要地限制团队,并阻止他们探索可能为项目带来意外价值和洞察力的领域。-- -
- Narrow enough to make it manageable.
- 另一方面,诸如"改善人类状况"之类的问题陈述过于宽泛,可能会使团队成员很容易感到害怕。问题陈述应有足够的约束,使项目易于管理。
As well as the three traits mentioned above, it also helps to begin the problem statement with a verb, such as “Create”, “Define”, and “Adapt”, to make the problem become more action-oriented.
除了上述三个特征,它还有助于以动词(如"创建"、"定义"和"适应")开始问题陈述,使问题变得更加以行动为导向。
How to define a problem statement 如何定义问题
简单理解就是,头脑风暴各类能出现的情况和问题,最后整合成问题陈述。
Point Of View – Problem Statement 观点与问题陈述
观点 (POV) 是一个有意义且可操作的问题陈述,它允许您以目标为导向的方式进行构想。您的 POV 通过定义在创意会话中解决的正确挑战来捕捉您的设计愿景。POV 涉及将设计挑战重新调整为可操作的问题陈述。您通过结合您正在设计的用户、他或她的需求以及您在研究或同情模式中了解到的见解来阐明 POV。您的 POV 应该是一个可操作的问题陈述,将推动您的设计工作的其余部分。
[User . . . (descriptive)] needs [need . . . (verb)] because [insight. . . (compelling)]
[用户...(描述性)]需要 [需要 ... ...(动词)]因为[洞察...(令人信服)]
“How Might We” Questions
When you’ve defined your design challenge in a POV, you can start to generate ideas to solve your design challenge. You can start using your POV by asking a specific question starting with: “How Might We” or “in what ways might we”. How Might We (HMW) questions are questions that have the potential to spark ideation sessions such as brainstorms. They should be broad enough for a wide range of solutions, but narrow enough that specific solutions can be created for them. “How Might We” questions should be based on the observations you’ve gathered in the Empathise stage of the Design Thinking process.
For example, you have observed that youths tend not to watch TV programs on the TV at home, some questions which can guide and spark your ideation session could be:
- How might we make TV more social, so youths feel more engaged?
- How might we enable TV programs to be watched anywhere, at anytime?
- How might we make watching TV at home more exciting?
The HMW questions open up to Ideation sessions where you explore ideas, which can help you solve your design challenge in an innovative way.
当您在 POV 中定义了您的设计挑战时,您可以开始生成想法来解决您的设计挑战。您可以开始使用您的 POV,询问一个特定的问题,从"我们如何可能"或"我们可能以何种方式"开始。我们 (HMW) 的问题如何能够引发想法会议,如头脑风暴。它们的范围应该足够广泛,可以提供广泛的解决方案,但范围足够窄,以便为他们创建具体的解决方案。"我们如何可能"问题应该基于您在设计思维过程的同情阶段收集的观察结果。 例如,您观察到,年轻人往往不会在家看电视节目,一些可以引导和激发您想法的问题可能是:我们如何使电视更具社交性,让年轻人感觉更投入? 我们如何使电视节目能够随时随地观看? 我们怎样才能让在家看电视更令人兴奋呢? HMW 问题为创意会话打开,您可以探索创意,这可以帮助您以创新的方式解决设计难题。
Why-How Laddering
为什么如何梯级"作为一般规则,问'为什么'产生更抽象的陈述,问'如何'产生具体的陈述。通常,抽象陈述更有意义,但不能直接可操作,而更具体的陈述则相反。 • d.学校,方法卡,为什么-如何梯级因此,在定义阶段设计师寻求定义问题,并一般会问为什么。设计师将使用为什么进展到所谓的"为什么-如何阶梯"的顶端,其最终目标是找出如何解决一个或多个问题。您如何提问将帮助您从定义阶段进入设计思维(创意阶段)的下一阶段,在那里您开始寻找具体的创新解决方案。换句话说,你可以说,为什么-如何梯级开始问为什么他们如何解决具体的问题或设计挑战。
总结:
1)获得Empathy阶段分析的结果
2)结合一开始设定的问题列出的POV(观点即为point of view)通常的写法是 :[User . . . (descriptive)] needs [need . . . (verb)] because [insight. . . (compelling)] 即为解决问题的想法
4)在对每个对POV进行细分和头脑风暴时最后使用HMW的方式来陈述需要解决的问题。(how migh we)
5)...
In the Ideation stage, design thinkers spark off ideas — in the form of questions and solutions — through creative and curious activities such as Brainstorms and Worst Possible Idea.
在构思阶段,设计思想家通过诸如头脑风暴和最糟糕的想法等创造性和好奇的活动,以问题和解决方案的形式激发想法。 在本文中,我们将向您介绍一些最佳的构思方法和指南,这些方法和指南有助于促进构思会议的成功并鼓励成员积极参与。
以问答的形式,目的则是产生大量的想法
The main aim of the Ideation stage is to use creativity and innovation in order to develop solutions
通过扩展解决方案空间,设计团队将能够超越通常解决问题的方法,以便找到更好、更优雅、更令人满意的解决方案来解决影响用户产品体验的问题。
In the Design Thinking process, the Ideation stage often follows the first two stages, which are the Empathise stage and Define stage. There is a significant overlap between the Define and Ideation stages of a typical Design Thinking process. Interpreting information and defining the problem(s) and ideation both drive the generation of problem solutions. This overlap is represented in the types of methods design teams employ during these two stages. For example, Bodystorm and “How Might We” questions are often used in both of these stages.
在设计思维过程中,构思阶段通常遵循前两个阶段,即感同身受阶段和定义阶段。典型的设计思维过程的定义和构思阶段之间存在显著重叠。解释信息、定义问题和想法都推动了问题解决方案的产生。这种重叠表现在这两个阶段设计团队采用的方法类型中。例如,在这两个阶段中,经常使用身体风暴和"我们怎么可能"问题。
Ideation Will Help You:
- Ask the right questions and innovate.
- Step beyond the obvious solutions and therefore increase the innovation potential of your solution.
- Bring together perspectives and strengths of team members.
- Uncover unexpected areas of innovation.
- Create volume and variety in your innovation options.
- Get obvious solutions out of your heads, and drive your team beyond them.
总结:
ideation 就是通过之前两步的 empathy 和 define phase 中 得到的point of view 或者说一系列的 how migh we 的问题进行头脑风暴,可以通过不同的方式来获得不一样的想法
这一阶段idea 的数量是关键,任何疯狂的想法都可以但是要注意不要脱离特定的的轨道,即核心的问题。
最后通过把所有的idea进行收集,分类,完善和细分。从而获得一列清单。
可以通过下列的这些方法进行分类。
- Post-it Voting or Dot Voting.
- Four Categories Method
- Bingo Selection
- Idea Affinity Maps
- Now Wow How Matrix
- Six Thinking Hats
- Lean Startup Machine Idea Validation Board
- Idea Selection Criteria
(https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/stage-3-in-the-design-thinking-process-ideate)
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